Valorization. Art essay.

 

The piece that I was interested in was productivity and hourly compensation piece or as the artist named it Valorization “workers view (dollar bill)”. Valorization is a piece by the artist Vandana Jain whose work focuses on capitalism and how it shapes the futures and desires of people. The artist uses artifacts of consumerism to create pieces that shed light on consumerism and commerce.

Through the Valorization piece the artists present a view of the American Economy whereas it can be seen from the graphs, over the years, the amount of productivity has risen steadily while the compensation though it has risen hourly, does not compare very well to productivity. As it can be seen, the productivity rises each year, but compensation only rose for a few years and then remained steady in that there is little to no increase in compensation. This is crazy because if you consider the fact that the big companies, retailers such as Amazon and Walmart and others, they need people to fulfill their orders or to work in their warehouses, yet these people are not receiving any increase in their salaries. If you work Retail, the most emphasized thing is productivity and yet cooperates are always complaining of low sales hence less pay for the employees.

Personal narrative, I worked at a Rite aid pharmacy, overnight as an asset protection associate. One thing I noticed was that Cashiers, who did the most amount of work, were the ones paid the least, then the shift supervisor, who oversaw the cashiers and worked hard, got an increase that was barely 2 dollars, then then asset protection, who risked getting into fights and being injured were not paid very much. Then the assistant managers barely made $20 an hour. The store manager, who was barely at work, made over $25 an hour. The higher positions such as district managers, who are barely doing any work at all made even better amounts.

As the author Kimberly Drew in her book states “Art matters, artists voices are important in shaping society and public spaces  are places for creative and free expression”, the Valorization artist has used the little space on the dollar to shed light on the disparity between compensation and productivity and through this has become an activist advocating for a change or an increase in pay to workers through this small change which K. Drew also says “ small actions foster change.”

The main reason why a change in pay rates should be considered is because the way of life has become expensive from rent to car loans, student loans, buying clothes and even food. To live a comfortable life demands a lot of money. It demands more than what an average person earns.

The other part of the economy that needs a change is the taxation of a normal/ average person. Despite not earning enough to live comfortably in today’s world, there are heavy taxes on the average person compared to rich corporations. In general, the average hard working middle class is exploited for their hard labor and underpaid.

 

The picture attached is a photo of a pay stub. As it can be seen, the taxes are at least a quarter of what the employee earns. In theory, this worker would take home only three quarters of what he earns. The minimum wage in New Jersey is around 12 dollars an hour. Personally, I do not think that this is enough for people with families considering the cost of just rent in New Jersey which is over the roof. A person earning 12 dollars an hour working 40 dollars a week cannot afford to rent a house in New Jersey. If a person is theoretically getting paid 12 dollars an hour, they would need at least 2 jobs in order to be able to rent a house and have a roof over their head. Consider the many, many students in colleges who work full time and study full time, they have to choose one. In a way, the amount of pay you earn  either earns or robs you not only of your freedom but also of your time, desires, and future.

50 shades of cake

Ciara Riley-fitts 

                          The 50 Shades of Cake is Political

“For example, the fact that these images belong to the moment but speak of the future produces a strange effect which has become so familiar that we scarcely notice it”(John Berger). When it comes to art, many people have and see different emotions and messages. Looking into art is the way to produce meaning; seeing entails recognizing or linking the information that your eyes take in with your previous knowledge and experiences. The purpose behind the art can be activist or as much as an emotion splattered on a piece of paper. Every art piece has a reason behind it. 

Nancy Buchanan is one particular artist that gives real life to her art. Buchanan was born on August 30, 1946, in Los Angeles, California, and is an artist. She graduated with her BFA and MFA from the University of California, Irvine. Her work has included installation, performance, and video art, which she is best known for showing activism through art. Buchanan has been creating movies and concerts that integrate personal and political elements since the 1970s. She played a pivotal role in the feminist art movement in Los Angeles throughout the 1970s. Buchanan has thoughtfully considered social and political concerns such as women's rights.

The art at hand we will talk about today is “50 shades of cake”. The art 50 Shades of Cake was made to show how fast the world's consumption rate increased. These grayish cakes convey the rapaciousness of consumer desire. In this case, the quote of the fat kid loves cake is in this form, but instead of a kid, it is used for the consumers in America. The consumer rate increase shows the greed in the situation. The cake gives you the main focus of having your cake and eating it too, as well as everyone having a slice. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures how much a basket of goods and services costs on average over time which in this case increases. CPI is most often used for inflation gauge, which gives them the right to see the supply and demand of prices of today. 

Like the cake, it is gorgeous with flowers just like the products it attracts you to, but just like the junk food gives you a stomach ache after eating it, your pockets hurt after buying the pretty product. “ It is important here not to confuse publicity with measures or benefits. Fifty shades of cake are more than just floral cake; it speaks valid values of how money is spent and what it is spent on. It is sad to say, but many, especially in the field, are greedy so just like the goes with added layers inside, so do the prices of needed goods. I believe that for a person that lives in the urban community, the cake is only for the people who can afford it, but that isn't fair for those who can not. The consumer increase can increase something as small as a box of cereal. However, many do not understand that increase can hurt more than bring up. The cake gives a social life because money is lovely, just like cake but a cake can not have many layers. It will fall over and crash just like society if prices keep going up the way it does  

In my selfie, I used my sister for her eleventh birthday. However, I used this photo because it had a cake. She is a part of today's youth. As we can tell, the consumer of today's world starts young with something as small as a gorgeous doll. The industry puts designs and inventions on all social media platforms. Children only blitz and glam, so they are vulnerable and see no price. The consumer market of supply and demand knows how to increase rates and make more money for country greed.

 In conclusion, Inflation is the prominent consumer rate increase in the cost of everything from a rib-eye steak and a bar of Ivory soap to an eye exam and a tank of petrol. Ways to help is to look at the main reason for the demand is budget your money to stay above the float. As suppliers try to provide more of the items that customers and businesses want, prices rise somewhat. When unemployment is low, and wages are rising, consumer confidence is high, which leads to increased spending. Keeping your income with the times is way better; therefore, no increase will bring you down as much. 

Essay in the making

 With every generation becoming more and more gimme gimme gimme…take take take and buying stuff they don’t need life’s productions became less meaningful. Things such as designer bags, shoes, clothes, that everyone “needs” becomes more of a problem with every new creation. Growing up and having your own money freely to spend on things that aren’t beneficial in your life is a big problem. The definition of overconsumption is exactly that, the action of consuming something to excess. The media takes a huge part on this, targeting little kids at a young age and showing them what “kids their age” are doing now. Anything that has “updates” and “upgrades” is what’s killing us. Due to those things being thrown out before breaking and being replaced because a newer version of it is out.  Companies are constantly over producing and I don’t personally blame the consumers 100% because it’s the companies pushing things we don’t need. But at the same time, we, the people, are given a choice, and most of the time the choice we decide to go with isn’t beneficial to our lives simply because “we need it”. The consumers can only do the right thing with what’s being presented in front of them. 

Thinking about problems like this and knowing how much time and energy was put into making these products, makes me think about the environmental impact it takes on our planet. We got to tell ourselves that owning less is great but wanting less is even better. For example, have you ever gone to school with the same shirt twice in a row and were pointed out on wearing it because they’ve seen you wear it already?! This is a huge example of what overconsumption does to people’s minds. Why do you need 30 pairs of shoes why do you need endless outfits you cant be seen twice in? all these questions raise a good point. And to those questions and statements made, art, is always a good way to let it out. With art being a form of expression its amazing to see what is put on the spot with it.

Working Title: Too Much Stuff! Art Gallery Paper

The industrial age has made way for the mass production of everyday products that were never before seen in humankind, around the 1820s-1870s America experienced the industrial revolution. And shortly after products were easily obtainable at a nearby corner store. Much of these products we take for granted are the everyday objects we do not bat an eye towards, for example, food, water, and even toilet paper. In the art gallery, the work that I related to the most was Nancy Buchanan’s “Walk On”. 

Nancy Buchanan "Walk On"

All of the expensive and luxury shoes are put into a collage showing what a person's closet would look like. I myself love shoes and currently own about 16 pairs of them, about 6 of which are in my rotation. I like to refer to myself as a sneakerhead, someone who has a passion for sneakers. With the sneaker industry growing larger every year with more and more individuals entering the world of sneakers, overconsumption of materials will occur. Many of the sought-out pieces such as the Ben & Jerry's dunks, Travis Scott's, the Jordan 4 UNDTF just to name a few are valued at an exaggerated amount from retail. Sneakers usually cost around $75-$200, if the sneakers gain a lot of traction and hype, the resale of the sneaker can increase by 1000%. 

Much of the attraction to many items, not just sneakers are stemmed from advertisements. This is mainly attracted towards the consumer, where brands use promos to introduce and convince consumers to buy their product. "The fact that these images belong to the moment but speak of the future produces a strange effect which has become so familiar that we scarcely notice it" (Berger, 130). Brands such as Apple are amazing at convincing users to upgrade their phones every year with their yearly release of the iPhone and Apple-related devices. It is very regular for someone to use the same brand for all their related devices, if someone owns an iPhone, they are more likely to own an iMac, Macbook, iPad or AirPods. It is one of the ways we are overconsuming and buying into Apple's scheme of purchasing all of their products. We lie to ourselves that we need these products that are branded with noticeable names. In recent years, the Macbooks have been great but unusable with other devices, they did not include a USB input directly into the Macbooks, for that they need an extension Apple sells for more money. The wall adapters and headphones have been removed from the box that the iPhone comes in, claiming that it will "reduce waste." The wired headphones cost $20, and the wall adapter costs $19, why not include them in the box, to begin with since the two products mentioned come in their own respective box?

"Walk On" by Nancy Buchanan is an example of overconsumption through the use of media, as the collage is a collection of shoes cut out from magazines. "Walk On" exploits our interests and incentivizes our wants into purchasing these products, "... their own notions about poverty, light, dignity, texture, exploitation, and geometry" (Sontag). The way the collage presents the shoes gives a claustrophobic feeling, just like my room. Shoes all over the floor, taking up more space than necessary, but for some reason whenever I look at more shoes I have a desire to buy more. To buy more sneakers than I need, I have a pair of feet and have 16 or 17 pairs that I wear. This happens with any product, during late spring and early summer of 2020, there was a mass panic that certain everyday items would run out of stock, the most memorable items were face masks, hand sanitizers, and, toilet paper. This was under the assumption that most products are mass-produced in China, therefore the production and imports on toilet paper would halt due to most of China begin affected by Covid-19. Many stores quickly ran out of toilet paper with some people buying out the entire stock and reselling it on websites for ridiculous prices. However, not many people know that toilet paper is mainly produced in North America, and restocks on toilet paper slowly but surely got into the hands of all consumers and those who did buy it in bulk are now sitting on thrones made of toilet paper. Overconsumption has led to panic and fear that one day the world stops functioning.

Social media has become a large factor in consumerism as it creates a void where many people continuously scroll through content. The internet has become a place to overconsume content, it has become a reason that we always find ourselves on our phones. My favorite comedian Bo Burnham wrote a song called Welcome to the Internet, in his most recent Netflix special, Inside where Burnham slowly introduces us to the internet. He starts off the song with a welcoming feeling, very inviting. However, as the song progresses, the song gets faster and faster, the negative aspects of the internet are being intertwined with the positive, and the best lines of the song are found towards the end of the song. "Apathy's a tragedy and boredom is a crime, anything and everything all of the time." and "Look at you... unstoppable, watchable, your time is now. Your inside's out honey how you grew." Burnham shows us how much we have exposed ourselves on the internet, constantly looking for new content and posting our personal lives online where our "insides out" always looking for a new way to stay entertained.

Mollie Thonneson "Pieces of Meat"

Nancy Buchanan "Walk On"

This is my selfie with my 16 pairs of sneakers. I swear there's a lot more than it looks like

Citations: 
    Burnham, Bo. “Welcome to the Internet.” YouTube, uploaded by Bo Burnham, 4 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1BneeJTDcU.

    Berger, John. Ways of seeing Here

    Susan Songtag. On Photography, http://www.susansontag.com/SusanSontag/books/onPhotographyExerpt.shtml.

The Illuminous City and Me, by Luis Jaime

The Illuminous City and Me, by Luis Jaime

Art, oftentimes, is a means of inspiring other art. Whether it be through homage, direct quotes, or visual cues, art can make other art flourish. Writing, in my eyes, is one of the biggest art forms there is, and art critics have used it to criticize or analyze art for a long time now. Today, I will be presenting my take on a piece I find to be timely and important. The piece I chose is from the Too Much! art gallery at the New Jersey City University’s Visual Arts Building, and it is called Illuminous City, created by Poramit Thantapalit. It is a good chunk of a city, but created entirely of green plastic bottles (First assumed to be from Sprite sodas). The commentary is already there in the quick rundown of what the piece is, with my immediate thought upon seeing the piece being ‘It’s a city of plastic bottles because of the litter strewn about in cities.'

Image 1: Sky high view of the Illuminous City

After reading the description, I found out that the bottles were actually from 7-Up and Mountain Dew, but more importantly, I got to see the legitimate motive behind the existence of Illuminous City. The purpose of the plastic city was to highlight accumulation, and how easy it is to build up, as the bottles were collected at Thantapalits household during a three to four year period. Even this gave me pause as the piece features a lot of bottles. Another thing Thantapalits explained was the idea of making trash into something else, proving that there is a use for any piece of recyclables or garbage. This sentiment made me happy, because as a visual artist, I tend to find ways to incorporate recyclables or general items that one may not find purpose in keeping. Old cardboard built up my Halloween costume for this year, and bottle caps helped with last years.

Image 2: Aerial Constructions

While the artists’ description did not go in depth on the topics I believed to be central to the art, I do think that the sentiments I initially believed to be key to it link up perfectly with the readings we’ve been doing throughout the course. The imagery of soda bottles is something that is overlooked, with so many logos and visuals adding up to make us remember certain things or look at a bottle as a status of advertisement. Even if I believed the bottles at the exhibit were from Sprite, learning that they were from 7-Up or Mountain Dew was something that made sense to me as those bottles also have their own iconic green colors. In chapter 7 of John Berger's Ways of Seeing, Berger says “We are now so accustomed to being addressed by these images that we scarcely notice their total impact.”(Berger 130) It is imperative that we, as a collective of people who are bombarded by these images of sodas, snacks, movies, big-budget company products, realize how much of a grasp those visuals have over us right now.

Image 3: Architecture With A Green Tint

Eventually, the acknowledgement of these images will help us visualize the real illuminous cities in our world. New York City will always have the existence of Times Square to be the monolith of the products that Thantapalit made his art piece out of. That is about as close as we can get in the real world to represent the piece, with all of the advertisements and litter you can find out on the streets of the city. The role we play as people is to make sure that these plastic bottles don’t make it to the floors and can be recycled officially or even by ourselves. Poramit Thantapalit did it masterfully by not only making an art piece out of them, but by making the art directly correlate to the message he’s trying to convey. I found that a lot of the artwork in the Too Much! Exhibit did a great job at representing the different issues plaguing the world, but Thantapalit conveyed the same shiny feeling of an advertisement and managed to catch my eye upon entering the room. Not only is it nice to look at, but it represents the brightness of a city, which on the surface is beautiful but underneath may hold a more realistic implication.

The visual aspect of Illuminous City reminds me a lot of a project featured in the Interventionists book, made by Michael Rakowitz called paraSITE. The project was an inflatable homeless shelter that took advantage of exterior building vents. It is made entirely of plastic bags and tape, yet is somehow feasible as an idea. As Rakowitz explains, “The visibly parasitic relationship of these devices to the buildings, appropriating a readily available situation with readily available materials elicited immediate speculation as to the future of the city”, and proceeds to ask “would these things completely take over, given the enormous number of homeless in our society?”. (Rakowitz 22) This makes me think: How many projects could one make with ingenuity and an abundance of plastic bottles? The possibilities are endless with the process of recycling, but the way things are going, people may never realize that people like Rakowitz and Thantapalit have both thought of it as a means of doing something more than getting rid of trash.

Works Cited

Berger, John. "Ways of Seeing," written by John Berger.

Rakowitz, Michael. "The Interventionists: Users' Manual for the Creative Disruption of Everyday Life", edited by Nato Thompson and Gregory Sholette.

Penguin, 2008, 130

MIT Press, 2004, 22

Above, is my digital selfie - A take on a billboard for Mountain Dew, with text that you would never see on the genuine article

Too Much Stuff! Essay

                                                     Gallery Essay Assignment 

As we can see above in “Ohh Where is my Burger '' by Simon Waloszek we can clearly see how he depicts his idea of over consumption. We can appreciate how he took the effort to add the significant details about the big fast food chains such as McDonalds, Starbucks, Coca Cola etc. It doesn't stop there. We can see how in the patty of the hamburger there seems to be an American flag resembling the white and red stripes. Waloszek is trying to target the USA in particular with the problem of over consumption but not in that. If we take a closer look at the top of the bun in the hamburger we can appreciate that he's not only referring to the fast food problem in this country, he's also referencing social political issues. We can see the face of Obama, who was one of our presidents, we can see Tupac who was a famous rapper and other influential people. Waloszek is trying to convey the message that the consumer problem has to do with all of society and everyone is involved in the problem, no one is saved. A quote that I could relate this issue to is “Publicity images also belong to the moment in the sense that they must be continually renewed and made up-to-date”. Another quote would be “Yet they never speak of the present. Often they refer to the past and always they speak of the future." These quotes are actually from John Berger Ways of Seeing Chapter 7.  To start off, publicity images are photos of people, events, products, etc worldwide that are given attention by the media. What I believe the author is trying to point out is that we have many publicity images that could affect us more in the future but people visualize it as events of the past, and not the present. I feel that many people are ignorant towards the media because they don't emphasize the importance of any impacts that certain media or public images possess. There are many factors to it such as social, economic and political issues and it all comes together as one in a hamburger with each layer representing its respective us to add to a greater issue. 

This work of art by Tony Futura has a great impact on viewers like us. This work of art was slightly modified and actually comes from an even more renowned and world famous Spanish artist Salvador Dali. His original work was called persistence of time and it is instead of distorted pizzas we can see he has clocks. In Dali's original painting he was trying to send his message of surrealism by showing us his painting he gets out of his comfort zone to show us a sureelam painting. It is my strong belief that futura was trying to do that but instead of depicting surrealism as his main point im positive he wanted to get viewers attention with his work. It's very eye-catching and sends a powerful message. Futura figures a way to depict that instead of time being the problem because it never stops such as it was in the case of Dali, he wants to make us see that pizza is the problem. I remember that Susan Sontag said “"To collect photographs is to collect the world." "They age, plagued by the usual ills of paper objects; they disappear; they become valuable, and get bought and sold; they are reproduced. “ I believe that it's a valid point to claim that photographs is collecting the world. It makes sense because we have pictures of when astronauts first arrived on the moon, we have fossils of old dinosaurs in museums, we have famous pictures of narcos in history textbooks also, and all sorts of different themes. The world has many fascinating aspects and unexplored sites, such as the very deepest oceans, outer space, etc, but when it comes to collecting pictures overtime, it then becomes what we know as history. Pictures age, just like everything else in the world, Earth itself also ages and evolves, mankind evolved too. All the pictures taken in the world will soon one day become unique, rare, valuable, and will be bought, sold, auctioned, and remembered by few. This relates to this assignment because it has to do with pictures and photographs are everything in this world and are more meaningful than most people presume. In a bigger picture not only pizza but fast food which contributes an enormous amount to the over consumption in this country. It's a part of everyday life that we can’t ignore and have to acknowledge. 

We can yet appreciate other Futuras which have another profound effect on us viewers. In this particular piece of art we can see that Futura now targets the very worldwide Japanese food, Sushi. Unlike those who are used to eating sushi with wooden chopsticks, Futura makes note that the person in the work of art is going to indulge in the food from razor sharp blue harpoons. It's a very odd and defining approach because as we all know sushi primarily comes from tuna fish. Tuna fish are hunted down with harpoons such as the ones depicted in Futura’s art. By doing this he touches another point referring to over consumption because over fishing is a huge problem here in America. Fishermen go out everyday to fish in the tons and what is not sold or deemed valuable is thrown away. This affects the oceanic environment because many oceanic animals are killed for no reason as we do not consume them all. He's trying to make us think twice about what we eat and what goes into it. In this case it's Tuna and its environmental effect contributing to overconsumption. 

https://notbuyinganything.blogspot.com/2019/08/consumerism-from-point-of-view-of.html

Too Much! Essay Final

Jonah Dunstan

Prof. Doris Cacoilo

Activists, Interlopers, and Pranksters 

10/13/2021

Stitched for Pleasure 

The purpose of NJCU’s latest show “Too Much!” is to highlight humanity’s relationship to consumerism and things in an industrialized globalized world. Each of the several artists tackled the topic in their own unique way. Vandana Jain’s pieces primarily tackled the disparity of conditions between workers and corporations. Robert Lach tackled the ecological impact that we inflict with our consumerism. The series in the gallery that really captured me was Mollie Thonesonn’s “Piece of Meat” series.  A series of collage pieces made from thrifted lingerie sewn together and hung upon rusty meat hooks. Piece of Meat tackles consumerism and how it relates to abusive relationships. With almost everything in capitalist society being commoditized it is no surprise that one of the most central, and innate parts of human existence; sexuality, is monetized and sold. While sex work is nothing new, being documented all throughout history, in many different cultures; there is an interesting shift when women gain more rights, the market adapts to exploit that liberation for it’s own benefit. In a patriarchal society that places a woman's worth almost exclusively on if she was aesthetically pleasing or not, it is obvious that manufacturers will take advantage. 

One of the most interesting aspects of these pieces are the hooks. The juxtaposition between the bright color palettes and silky texture of the lingerie and rusty meat hooks describe a relationship of industry and livestock. The post modern patriarchal view of femininity being represented as the lingerie collages are being hung upon and presented by the age-old established norm of the rusty meat hooks. Bell Hooks writes “Before women's liberation all females young and old were socialized by sexist thinking to believe that our value rested solely on appearance and whether or not we were perceived to be good looking, especially by men.” (Hooks .31). Interestingly enough this element of the collection reminded me of ‘The Texas Chainsaw Massacre’. Horror which is viewed from the outset as exploitative, and cruel especially towards women is ironically the most feminist's genre. A common trope of horror movies, specifically slashers, is the last girl trope, in which the last surviving character (usually a girl) gets their chance to finally escape and/or from the psychopathic (usually male) killer. In a world in which women are victimized emotionally, mentally, and physically; horror movies give spotlight to the real terrors being born into a patriarchal world provides to the gender that deem less worthy. I think of Thonneson’s work in the same vein. 

Tobe Hooper, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, 1974

The main material used in the works is lingerie in all sorts of differing styles and colors. Best described in the press release of The Museum of FIT’s ‘Exposed: A Lingerie Story’ “ As the final barrier to the nude body, lingerie is simultaneously modest and erotic, and it remains a subject of enduring fascination. The design of lingerie enhances its allure: it strategically reveals, conceals, and highlights the wearers form. As French lingerie designer Chantal Thomass observed, ``The essence and attitude of lingerie is all in suggestion.“.  While it can be viewed as it’s initial purpose of appealing to the male gaze it was undeniably a huge step forward from the corset which would cause women to faint, and even worse constrict so much that the rib cage would begin to narrow permanently. Another thing that is very much tied to womanhood, although not nearly as discussed is fiber art. Textiles, quilts, crochet are all closely tied to the domestic work of women. While not historically new, fiber art has been seen traditionally in many cultures as mere functional objects viewed as lesser compared to not only fine art but also other functional pieces created by their male counterparts. Serbian artist  Ksenija Pantelić writes how Judy Chicago had successfully reintroduced fiber art into the fine art space.  “This was a major step forward. Redefining the history of art subjects and themes, feminist artists used the medium to subvert its history as ‘women work’ and transform it into colorful, fun, and sexually liberated works” Pantelic writes. Piece of Meat implements lingerie into these works effectively. Nowhere is this more effective than in the piece ‘Just Close Your Eyes’. The contrast of the flowery and playful designs of the pastel colored lingerie that makes up the base contrasts heavily with the disturbingly small panties sewn on the front. 

Judy Chicago, Smocked Figure and details, 1984

Mollie Thonneson, Just Close your Eyes, 2021 

Although Piece of Meat serves as a harrowing reminder of the abusive relationship women have with our society, a society that puts over a third of them through domestic or sexual violence due soley to their gender; there is reason to have some hope for the future. The MeToo movement has sparked a fire under the asses of abusers in positions of power, which has dominoed to many more speaking up about their experiences of mistreatment. However there is much more work to be done as we live in a system that views 49.8 percent of the population as lesser. We must push further. 

Cited Works

Hooks, Bell. (2015). Beauty Within and Without. Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate politics. essay, Routledge. 

 Pantelić, K. (2016, December 23). Fiber Art and its scope. Widewalls. Retrieved October 13, 2021, from https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/fiber-art. 

Exposed: A history of lingerie. Exposed: A History of Lingerie | Fashion Institute of Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2021, from https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/exposed-history-of-lingerie.php.